Both seasonal and H1N1 influenza are viral respiratory illnesses that are spread mainly from person to person through coughing or sneezing. Sometimes you may become infected by touching a surface or object that has flu viruses on it, and then touching your mouth or nose.
H1N1 is a new or novel variety (strain) of the influenza virus that emerged first in Mexico, and eventually worldwide. This novel form appears to particularly affect children and healthy young adults. Tests have shown that no children and very few adults younger than 60 have antibodies (immunity) to H1N1. Many cases of H1N1 influenza this year have occurred in this younger population. For example, college students who often live, work, and study in close proximity, and are mobile seem especially vulnerable. Adults older than 64 years of age are affected less often. H1N1 was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) in June.
Recognizing Symptoms of Flu
The symptoms of both illnesses (seasonal and H1N1) include: fever, cough, sore throat, runny or stuffy nose, body aches, headache, chills and fatigue. Some people may have vomiting and diarrhea.
Not all patients with the flu will have a fever. However, if you have prolonged fever, if these symptoms are severe, or if you have difficulty breathing, experience sudden dizziness, confusion or severe or persistent vomiting, you should seek medical attention.
The CDC reports that visits to physicians for symptoms of influenza-like illness are higher than usual for this time of year and have increased for six consecutive weeks.
Flu Complications
Certain groups of people are at increased risk of developing complications of flu. High-risk groups for seasonal and H1N1 flu include the very young, individuals who are pregnant, and those people with chronic diseases including cancer, chronic lung disease such as asthma, COPD, heart disease and diabetes. Approximately 70% of patients who have been hospitalized have one or more medical conditions.
Maine CDC Director, Dr. Dora Mills reminds people of the need for people to stay informed, be prepared, and most importantly practice proper respiratory hygiene, including the following steps:
- Cover your coughs and sneezes with a tissue or sleeve.
- Wash your hands often with soap and water, especially after you cough or sneeze. Alcohol-based hands cleaners are also effective.
- Try to avoid close contact with sick people.
- If you get sick, stay home from work or school and limit contact with others to avoid infecting them.
EMMC is urging people who may be exhibiting symptoms of the flu - including fever, coughing, runny nose, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea - to contact their primary care provider for appropriate testing, and to refrain from visiting family members and friends who may be staying at the hospital. There is no need to visit the emergency department if you are only experiencing mild symptoms.
The state is also urging people who believe they may be infected with H1N1 to call a special hotline established to answer questions rather than rushing to the emergency department. The hotline phone number is 1-888-257-0990.